Die extrusion method and apparatus



A. ELIAS Jan. 20, 1931.

DIE EXTRUSION METHOD AND APPARATUS Filed Feb. 8, 1928 "sur M. n W d Patented Jan. 20, 19,'1

.UNITED STA TES PATENT oFFlcE ALBERT ELIAS, oF NIEMEGK, BY BITTERFELD, GERMANY, AssrGNoR To I.- G. :FARBEN- INDUSTRIE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, OF CORPORATION F GERMANY DIE EXTRUSION METHOD AND APPARATUS Application tiledl February 8, 1928, Serial No.

This invention relates to a method of and apparatus for the production of structural bars bvextrusion through a die', and particularly to the production of bars of irregular thickness.

In the production of structural bars in extruding presses, the shape and size of the cross section of the dies greatly influence the rate of How of the material issuing from the die. When the dieaperture is of irregular shape, the resistancejto flow may be much greater at one side of the die than at the other, and the extruded bars will becomev curved as the metal issues more rapidly at the side of the die whore the aperture is of larger cross-section.

Objects of this invention are to provide a4 method of and apparatus for so determining the relative rates at which metal is extruded through sections of a die aperture that the extruded bars may bestraight or may be curved. More particularly, objects of the invention are to provide a method of and apparatus for giving a desired curvature (including zero curvature) Ato yextruded bars by varying the thickness of a die to secure the desired variation in the rates of flow at dif Ysu ferent portions of the die aperture.

These and other objects of the invention will be apparent from the following specifi-A cation when taken with the accompanying` drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a fragmentary cross-section, through a die embodying the invention, and associated elements of an extrusion press,

Fig. 2 is a cross-section of a straight bar of irregular cross-section which may be formed with the apparatus ofFig. 1,

Fig. 3 is a bottom view of the die shown in Fig. 1,

Figs. 4. 5 and 6 are transverse sections through the die on lines 4--4, 5-5, and 6 6, respectively, of Fig. 3,

Fig. 7 is a crossssection of a structural bar which may be used in forming flanged cylinc ers,

Fig. 8 is a central section through a cylinder of type formed from the structural bar of Fig. 7

Fig. 9 is a cross-section illustrating the dis- 252,907, and in Germany February 8, 1927.

tortion in profile resulting from an' attempt to bend bars of form shown'in Fig. 7,

Figs. 10 and 11 are fragmentary vside and front elevations of curved profile bars which may be used in forming the flanged cylinders .of V8, and

Fig. 12 is a plan view, with a part broken away, of thev profile bar of Figs. 10 and 11, as bent to form the tianged cylinder.

In the drawings, the numeral 1 identifies a dle mounted in the nozzle 2 of an extrusion ERANxEonT-oN-THE-MAIN, GERMANY, A

press by a removable cap 3. The die 1 may be of a disk shape and is provided with an aperture of appropriate cross-section'for giving the desired profile to a structural bar. As shown inv Fig. 3, the aperture is designed to produce a bar 4 having the cross-section of Fig. 2, and isprovided by the four substantially plane walls 4a, 4b, 40 and 4d. The die 1 is counterbored at 6, from the bottom or exit face of the die, the bottom wall 7 of the counterbore being so arranged that the bar 4 produced by the die is straight, or is curved in any desired manner.

When the peripheral walls of a die aperture are equally thick all around, the bars produced by a die having an aperture as shown in Fig. 3 will not Ibe straight since the resistance to metal iiow is greater at the contracted portion of the aperture than at the broader portion. In accordance with the present invention, the relative rates of iiow of metal along Athe periphery of the die aper' ture are influenced by friction by lvarying the length of the Contact surfaces which form the aperture and which are in contact with the iiowing metal. As shown in Figs. 4, 5,

'and 6, the surface 4a, and the portions of ders of the eneral form shown in Fig. 8. In

turning the ar Sinto circular formv the flange 8a must be upset and contracted to form the inturned flange 8a, of radius a, of the cylinder, while the flange 8b must be elongated to form the cylinder flange 8b of radius b. In this operation, the proile of the bar is more or less distorted, and will take the general sha of the bar 8, as shown in Fig. 9.

. or the purposeof properly correlating relative shape and the masses of material along the two flanges of the structural bar, and thus' preventing distortion of the web member or cylindrical wall, the profi-le bar, according to the present invention, may be initially formed as an extruded bar which is longitudinally curved to the desired extent: 'Bfy suitably adjusting the relative dimensions o the contact surfaces which define thedie aperture, the structural bar may be curved edgewise to forlnthe sector-shaped plate 9 havin flan s 9a and 9b, as shown in Figs.

10 an 11.. he .radii a', b of the respective flan es of the sector plate are not the same as t e corresponding radii, a, b of the finished cylinder 9,' Fig. 12, but are so related v .1. The rocess of extruding a metallic bar in which owin metal is sub]ected to a force applied in the irection of iiow of the metal l and is subjected to laterally restrictive shapin forces, characterized by the fact that at di erent peripheral portions of the iiowing metal the sai shaping forces are applied to unequal longitudinal portions of said flowing metal.

. 2. In extrusion apparatus for the formation of structural bars a die having an o ening therethrough, the shape andV size o the periphery of one end of said opening correspondin to the cross-section of the bar t0 be produce and the walls of the openin vertically extending fromsaid periphery eing of unequal length, the portions of the walls extending from the portions of the periphery having a larger cross-section, being greater in length. p

3. In extrusion apparatus, a die having an opening therethrough, the periphery of the entrance edge of the openlng corresponding in shape to the cross-section of the bar to be produced, and different portions of the inner walls of said opening extending from said periphery in the direction of flow of the metal belng of different len hs.

In testimony whereof, I a x m signature.

ALBER ELIAS.

thereto that the stresses set up to bend the v sector into cylinder form will have substanf' tially no tendency of the cylinder.

to deform the web wall If the curvature produced by the relative f dimensioninof of the contact surfaces of the die is not sucient, a guide roller may be positioned at the mouth of the extrusion press to assist in the bending operation, theroller being provided with a suitable means for adusting the pressure exerted on the structural It will 'be apparent that the invention is not restricted to the` production of profile bars of the forms illustrated in the drawings,

or to the formation of extruded bars which' are initially curved in one plane, and thereafter curved into cylindrical form.. The particular curvature to be given to a bar durlng the extrusion ste for facilitating the formation of curved mined, of course, by the profile of the bar and the shape of the finished article.

Extrusion dies made in accordance with the resent invention ,are specially suitable for ealing with magnesium alloys.

I claim:

odies will be deter-` 

